Betting on biofuels

Billions of dollars, euros, pounds, and reais are pouring into biofuels. High fuel prices and generous regulatory support have given the industry healthy margins and relatively short investment payback times. Meanwhile, the triumphs of the first movers and dreams of future growth are enticing companies in industries from petroleum and agribusiness to biotechnology, chemicals, engineering, and financial services. And of course, the allure of a greener future has raised the expectations of investors and bystanders who hope that biofuels will help meet the world’s energy needs while lowering greenhouse gas emissions.

Can biofuels deliver? The answer appears contingent on fuel prices as well as three other variables that directly influence the profitability and environmental impact of biofuels: the cost and availability of feedstock, government regulation, and conversion technologies. All are in flux, so an investment today is a bet on how these interrelated factors will evolve. Feedstock costs vary tremendously by region and could change significantly in the years ahead. Governments may alter the industry’s ground rules to match changing priorities in climate change, energy security, and economic development. The energy, cost, and carbon efficiency of various biofuels are already quite different, and new conversion technologies could make them...

http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Betting_on_biofuels_1992

Addressing consumer concerns about climate change

Business executives are catching up with consumers in expressing concern about global warming and other environmental issues, two global surveys indicate.1 In a sea change over the past 12 months, executives now regard the environment as the sociopolitical issue that will attract the most attention, by far, from the public and politicians over the next five years.

Taking action on global warming and other environmental issues seems critical for narrowing a general trust gap between consumers and corporations. Yet this kind of activism will not be a panacea for companies hoping to address the growing societal expectation that business should contribute more to the broader public good.

Consumers also want healthier and safer products, retirement and health care benefits for employees, and much else besides, though their expectations vary by industry and geography. What’s more, they say clearly that the performance of an industry or a company on a wide range of societal issues affects not only its reputation but also their willingness to buy its products. Each corporation faces a wide range of risks specific to the industries, regions, and countries in which it operates. But our surveys also reveal that companies have significant opportunities to differentiate themselves and to increase shareholder value by acting responsibly to improve their reputations and by providing products and services that address the consumers’ concerns.

A gap between executives and consumers

As in our two earlier global surveys,2 almost 90 percent of consumers and 85 percent of executives believe that large corporations should play a broader role in society. Clear majorities say that companies and governments should have an equally important role in handling sociopolitical issues. Yet a wide gap remains between the way executives and consumers in Europe and North America view the overall contribution large corporations make to the public good. While seven out of ten North American executives describe that contribution as mostly or somewhat positive, only four out of ten consumers agree. In Europe, the gap is even wider: it represents both an opportunity and an imperative for companies to improve their reputations. By contrast, in developing markets seven out of ten executives and consumers alike take a positive view of the contributions business makes to society.

Executives and consumers are now equally concerned about environmental issues, including climate change. Fifty-one percent of the executives—up 20 percentage points from 2006—pick it as one of three sociopolitical issues that will attract the most attention during the next five years. Among consumers, 55 percent agree, a five-percentage-point increase since the previous survey. The rise to prominence of environmental issues appears to reflect the intense publicity and debate about greenhouse gases. Indeed, almost 90 percent of executives and consumers say they are personally very or somewhat worried about global warming, and clear majorities see a role for government as well as business and consumers in tackling climate change.

But business hasn’t yet tuned in to many other issues that consumers find important. Roughly one in three of them identifies demand for healthier and safer products, pension and retirement benefits, and health care benefits as the other most important questions. Executives, on the contrary, pick privacy, data security, and job losses from the movement of jobs overseas . The continuing gap between what executives and consumers regard as most important might help to explain why only 14 percent of the executives—a level unchanged since the previous survey—believe that large corporations in their industries do a good or adequate job of anticipating criticism.
http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Addressing_consumer_concerns_about_climate_change_2115

A cost curve for greenhouse gas reduction

The debate about greenhouse gases is heating up. Across a wide spectrum, some voices argue that emissions and climate aren’t linked, while others urge immediate concerted global action to reduce the flow of emissions into the atmosphere. Even the advocates of action disagree about timing, goals, and means. Despite the controversy, one thing is certain: any form of intensified regulation would have profound implications for business.

Our contribution on this topic is not to evaluate the science of climate change or to address the question of whether and how countries around the world should act to reduce emissions. In this article we aim instead to give policy makers, if they choose to act, an understanding of the significance and cost of each possible method of reducing emissions and of the relative importance of different regions and sectors. To that end, we have developed an integrated fact base and related cost curves showing the significance and cost of each available approach, globally and by region and sector. Our other purpose is to help business leaders understand the implications of potential regulatory actions for companies and industries. Indeed, regulation is already on the minds of many executives. A recent survey indicates that half of all companies in Europe’s energy-intensive industries regard the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) as one of the primary factors affecting their long-term investment decisions.

As the baseline for our study, we used the “business-as-usual” projections for emissions growth from the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). We then analyzed the significance and cost of each available method of reducing, or “abating,” emissions relative to these business-as-usual projections. Our study covers power generation, manufacturing industry (with a focus on steel and cement), transportation, residential and commercial buildings, forestry, and agriculture and waste disposal, in six regions: North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe (including Russia), other developed countries, China, and other developing nations. It spans three time horizons—2010, 2020, and 2030—and focuses on abatement measures that we estimate would cost 40 euros per ton or less in 2030. Others have conducted more detailed studies on specific industries and geographies. But to our knowledge, this is the first microeconomic investigation of its kind to cover all relevant greenhouse gases, sectors, and regions.

Reading the cost curves

The cost curves we developed show estimates of the prospective annual abatement cost in euros per ton of avoided emissions of greenhouse gases, as well as the abatement potential of these approaches in gigatons of emissions. The abatement cost for wind power, for example, should be understood as the additional cost of producing electricity with this zero-emission technology instead of the cheaper fossil fuel-based power production it would replace. The abatement potential of wind power is our estimate of the feasible volume of emissions it could eliminate at a cost of 40 euros a ton or less. Looked at another way, these costs can be understood as the price—ultimately, to the global economy—of making any approach to abatement cost competitive or otherwise viable through policy decisions. A wide range of assumptions about the future cost and feasible deployment rates of available abatement measures underlie the estimates of their cost and significance. For example, the significance of wind power assumes that actions to abate greenhouse gases will have already begun across regions by 2008. The volumes in our model (and this article) should be seen as potential abatement, not as forecasts.

Our model for the “supply” of abatement can be compared with any politically determined target (“demand”) for abatement in the years 2010, 2020, and 2030. The science of climate change is beyond the scope of our study and our expertise, however. We thus compare, for illustrative purposes, our findings on supply with three emissions targets discussed in the debate—targets that would, respectively, cap the long-term concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at 550, 450, or 400 parts per million (a measure of the share of greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere). The goal of each target, according to its advocates, is to prevent the average global temperature from rising by more than 2 degrees Celsius. Any of these emissions targets would be challenging to reach by 2030, for they would all require at least a 50 percent improvement in the global economy’s greenhouse gas efficiency (its volume of emissions relative to the size of GDP) compared with business-as-usual trends.

A simplified version of the global cost curve shows our estimates of the significance and cost of feasible abatement measures in 2030—the end year of a period long enough for us to draw meaningful conclusions but short enough to let us make reasonably factual assumptions. We have developed similar cost curves for each sector in each region and for each of the three time frames.

http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/A_cost_curve_for_greenhouse_gas_reduction_1911

E-WEEK GREEN WASH

Center for Science and Environment (CSE): Link: http://www.cseindia.org/   The Center for Science and Environment (CSE) is a public research and advocacy organization based in New Delhi. CSE researches into, lobbies for and communicates the urgency of development that is both sustainable and equitable. The scenario today demands using knowledge to bring about change. This organization is working on it.   The challenge that this organization is facing is two-pronged. On the one hand, millions live within a biomass based subsistence economy, at the margin of survival. The environment is their only natural asset. But a degraded environment means stress on land, water and forest resources for survival. Here, opportunity to bring about change is enormous. On the other hand, rapid industrialization is throwing up new problems like growing toxification and a costly disease burden.   The Center's efforts are build around five board programmes as follows: 1.     Communication for awarness 2.     Research and Advocacy 3.     Education and training 4.     Knowledge Portal 5.     Pollution monitoring   Down To Earth (DTE): Link: http://downtoearth.org.in/   In May 1992, the Society for Environment Communications started India's only science and environment fortnight, Down To Earth (DTE).   Over the years the magazine has informed and inspired people about environmental threats facing India and the world. DTE has become a reading habit in 400 out of about 500 districts of the country i.e. more than any other Indian newspaper or magazine.   DTE's sphere of influence is not just limited to India. Numerous readers across the world rely on the magazine for a comprehensive view from the South on the most critical issues of human existence. The online version of DTE is an effort to reach more people and to use all the interactive elements that new medium has to offer. C.P.R. Environment Education Center: Link: http://cprec.org/   C.P.R. Environment Education Center (CPREEC) is a Center of Excellence of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, established jointly by the Minister and the C.P. Ramaswami Aivar Foundation.   The Center has been a pioneer in environment education efforts in South India and has conducted a variety of programmer to spread awareness and knowledge of key target groups (school children, local communities, woman etc) about the various aspects of environment.   The main objectives of this Center is as follows: 1.     Promoting Environmental Awareness 2.     Strengthening Capacities of Education and practioners 3.     Understanding the major environmental issues 4.     Promoting conservation of ecological tradition of India   Concern India Foundation (CIF): Link: http://concernindia.org/   Started in 1991, Concern India Foundation is a non-profit, public charitable trust that supports development-oriented organizations working for the disadvantaged. Concern India Foundation believes that disadvantaged need opportunities not charity and provides financial and non-financial support to development-oriented organizations working at the grassroots level to bring about positive change. Concern India Foundation focuses on core issues essential to sustainable social development. ·        EDUCATION ·        HEALTH ·        COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Concern India Foundation reaches out to more than 150 programs through its office in Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata and Pune.     The Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Environment and Development (CISED): Link: http://cised.org/ The Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Environment and Development (CISED) is an autonomous centre promoted by the Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) for bridging the social and natural sciences. CISED aims to promote environmentally sound and socially just development by contributing critically and constructively to public and academic debates. CISED Research Areas are: Natural Resource Management: ·        Forests and Common Lands ·        Water ·        Multi-Sectoral Likages Energy and Pollution: ·        Nuclear Energy   Yamuna Action Plan (YAP): Link: http://yap.nic.in/   Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) is being implemented since April 1993 for water pollution abatement and conservation of the river Yamuna, one of major tributaries of the river Ganga, by the National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD), Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) of the Government of India (GOI) in 12 towns of Haryana, 8 towns of Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi. The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) is participating in Yamuna Action Plan in 15 of the above 21 towns (excluding 6 towns of Haryana included in 1997 on the direction of the honourable Supreme Court of India) with soft loan assistance of 17.773 billion Japanese Yen (equivalent to about Rs. 700 crore INR) while GOI is providing the funds for the remaining 6 towns.         Bhoovigyan Vikas Foundation (BVF): Link: http://bhoovikas.org/   The Bhoovigyan Vikas Foundation (BVF) is a highly committed and motivated consortium of Earth Science and Social Science Professionals, working towards the common goal of 'saving our planet', through various activities designed to achieve 'sustainable development' and 'sustainable life styles', conforming to the post agenda 21 scenario.   The Foundation was formally launched at New Delhi on 21st April 2001. It is also a part of the World Earthday Network.     Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment (ATREE): Link: http://atree.org/   MISSION: ATREE was established in 1996 to combine principles of natural and social sciences to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable development; and, to build the necessary social and human capital needed to address our most pressing environmental challenges. ATREE deals with the issues relating to India's rapidly diminishing biological resources and natural ecosystems, and the environmental, social and economic dimensions and implications of this decline. ATREE has a network of four offices and field stations across India, through which it works to develop social and human capital to address environmental issues at local, regional and national levels. PROGRAMMES: The programmes at ATREE are designed to enhance the prospects for conservation by working with civil society, local communities, and policy makers on the one hand, and by scientific research on the other.

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Data centers: How to cut carbon emissions and costs

The modern corporation runs on data. Data centers house the thousands of servers that power applications, provide information, and automate a range of processes. There has been no letup in the demand for data center capacity, and the power consumed as thousands of servers churn away is responsible for rising operating costs and steady growth in worldwide greenhouse gases.

Our work suggests that companies can double the energy efficiency of their data centers through more disciplined management, reducing both costs and greenhouse gas emissions. In particular, companies need to manage technology assets more aggressively so existing servers can work at much higher utilization levels; they also need to improve forecasting of how business demand drives application, server, and data center–facility capacity so they can curb unnecessary capital and operating spending.

Data center efficiency is a strategic issue. Building and operating these centers consumes ever-larger portions of corporate IT budgets, leaving less available for high-priority technology projects. Data center build programs are board level decisions. At the same time, regulators and external stakeholders are taking keen interest in how companies manage their carbon footprints.

http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Energy_Resources_Materials/Environment/Data_centers_How_to_cut_carbon_emissions_and_costs_2255#

GO GREEN IN ICT:

Strategies for Green Computing
Rising energy costs, an economic slowdown and environmental awareness have introduced serious strategic challenges to enterprises worldwide, prompting searches for efficiency and cost reductions across the board, including in IT. Enterprises that don't alter their ways and challenge their IT organizations to operate in more ecological-friendly ways will miss key opportunities to increase IT efficiencies and reduce costs via the implementation of greener IT solutions.There are a variety of new and existing technologies available that aid in green IT, such as virtualization and more efficient hardware that demand less power and cooling. However, changes in processes and current infrastructure can also improve efficiency that leverages existing infrastructure and culminate in not only a greener environment, but an
improved bottom line. Developing an overall green IT strategy that identifies opportunitiesfor greater efficiency and areas that would benefit from new technology or improved processes can be difficult without visibility and transparency into the state of the existing IT infrastructure. This article will discuss how organizations can develop a green IT strategy through visibility into
existing IT assets and state of the overall IT environment.
Why Green ICT?
Information and Communication Technology systems (ICT) should be a core element of any organization’s green strategy. However, they are often not explicitly recognized or incorporated into most sustainability plans. There is significant opportunity to capture value by designing and implementing a sensible green element within the ICT realm. ICT systems typically account for about 25 percent of direct electricity use in commercial office buildings, and in energy inefficient buildings or locations with a high density of IT gear, that figure may be as high as 60 percent to 70 percent.

On a global scale, some analyst reports have calculated that ICT represents 2 percent to 2.5 percent of the total global carbon emissions, equivalent to the global aviation industry. But, for the more advanced and technologically-centered economies of the US, Japan and Europe, the number is more likely on the order of 5 percent to 6 percent and growing at double-digit rates. The ICT industry’s carbon footprint is expected to triple during the period from 2002 to 2020. Japan’s METI has forecasted that by 2025 ICT will consume 20 percent of all electricity in Japan. Achieving the greening of ICT is a very viable and high-value first step in any green strategy.

The impact of a greener ICT is multi-fold:
• Smaller physical footprint (e.g. smaller and more modern
data centers)
• Lower carbon footprint (updated devices)
• Lower heating/cooling costs
• Compliance with government regulations
• Good marketing
We should note that from a holistic view, “greening” IT is not just about reducing direct power consumption. With a personal computer, for example, 60 to 80 percent or more of the lifecycle carbon footprint of the device comes in fact from the manufacturing of the device. IT equipment and consumer electronics are very energy and materials intensive in manufacturing, have short life spans and become toxic ewaste at the end of their useful lives. Achieving “true green” a methodical, process driven approach to avoid “robbing Peter to pay Paul” and resulting in higher, rather than lower, costs and greater emissions. The optimization of green ICT resources requires thinking about the ITC e-Newsletter Feature Article Go Green in ICT process from end-to-end and ensuring that value capture opportunities are identified in every phase of their lifecycle.
How to Go Green in ICT
The greening of ICT systems can be achieved in many different
ways, including:
• Improving usage of what you already have: maximizing
utilization of current IT assets and putting in place
disciplined asset management policies;
• Consolidating servers, data centers, storage into more
efficient physical plants and hardware;
• Using new technologies such as virtualization to improve
use of all hardware assets.
Generally, a combination of all the above is required to achieve comprehensive results. This entails putting in place a plan that identifies the sources of opportunities, defines the critical challenges and success factors and tracks measurable progress toward the defined goal in a timely fashion. Typically, such plans require a “top down” approach and the executive leadership and sponsorship of senior executives. The first step generally involves the least amount of effort and spend and can achieve a substantial outcome in a short time period and can be frequently driven from within IT itself, with minimal big-bang oversight.
Zeroing In: Improve Asset Utilization
Improving asset utilization involves a multi-step process.
• Step 1: Establish baseline inventory of all existing assets.
• Step 2: Analyze current asset infrastructure and
utilization, including:
• Power consumption ratings for servers, storage, etc.
• Physical age of existing assets (i.e. older assets are
less energy efficient)
• Total utilization load of current servers
• Power management setting policies for PCs and
monitors (e.g. are they on 24x7?)
• Printer availability and printing policies (e.g. singlesided
vs. dual-sided printing)
• Step 3: Develop optimization goals and approaches for
each of the categories, including:
• Load consolidation on fewer servers; retirement of
older servers
• Power management guidelines for desktops and laptops
• Upgrading of existing equipment to extend lifecycle
• Printing resource guidelines
• Print device consolidation
• Data center operations, cooling and power supply
• Step 4: Implement new policies through:
• Definition
• Communication
• Execution
• Tracking
• Enforcement
• Step 5: Monitor results and adapt objectives and policies
based on outcomes.
Case in Point: City and County of San Francisco Green
ICT Program
In 2007, the Department of Technology of the city and county of San Francisco launched a green ICT project to support the city’s ambitious eco-responsibility goals, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent by 2050, reducing municipal energy use 10 percent by 2012, becoming a “zero-waste” city with 100 percent landfill diversion by 2020 and implementing the “Precautionary Principal” adopted by the city for potential exposure to toxic substances. The city’s initial baseline analysis indicated that desktop computers and printer resources were the best initial opportunities for achieving significant environmental and financial paybacks. This year, the CIO and Department of Technology developed a systematic plan for achieving specific near-term goals for those systems, as well as longer-term goals for data
center energy efficiency. For example, the IT operations San Francisco is planning to implement desktop power management for PC’s, consolidate resources, purchase only EPEAT certified new PC’s, cut data center power consumption and extend the lives of existing equipment. San Francisco also plans to make use of the IT to enable eco-benefits through other programs such as Urban telemedicine, telework, efficient building management, and the city’s unique EcoMap project.

In summary, the greening of ICT has diverse benefits that can create substantial value. The “low hanging fruit” involves assessing current IT resources and their utilization and optimizing
asset efficiency. Richard Hodges is the founder and CEO of GreenIT. Since the early 1970s he has had a personal commitment to environmental responsibility, development of appropriate technologies, and the evolution to a sustainable built environment. In 2004, Mr. Hodges established GreenIT as the first consultancy to combine those strands into a systemic, systematic, and strategic approach to sustainability for Information and Communications Technology Systems. Walker White is vice president of technology for BDNA. He is responsible for providing guidance to customers on utilizing BDNA's solutions to improve efficiency in their IT environment and for ensuring that customer feedback is incorporated into our products. Prior to his arrival at BDNA, he was a 12 year veteran of Oracle Corporation. During his tenure at Oracle, he served several positions, including vice president of Applications Technology and also chief technologist of Oracle Service Industries.

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What countries can do about cutting carbon emissions

Greenhouse gas emissions can be cut significantly—and, surprisingly, without huge disruption.

Reports published in 2007 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reflect a broad scientific consensus about the link between global warming and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human activity. The report, while acknowledging that there is still uncertainty in the scientific estimates, calls for a reduction in annual emissions from just under 50 billion tons of greenhouse gases today to 5 billion to 10 billion or less by 2050, so that the planet warms by no more than two degrees centigrade. This report and similar reports from the scientific community have spurred political leaders around the world to action. The European Union has set targets to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 20 to 30 percent of the 1990 level as of 2020. Political leaders elsewhere are discussing similar goals. Some countries even say that they wish to become carbon neutral by 2050.

What will a significant reduction in the level of greenhouse gases entail? Which approaches will be most effective? How much will it cost to achieve this goal, both in money and in lifestyle changes? Who will bear that cost?

These questions lie at the center of heated debate among policy makers and stakeholders in many...

GREEN PEACE INTERNATIONAL

ORGANIZATION:

Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organisation that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace by:

• Catalysing an energy revolution to address the number one threat facing our planet: climate change.
• Defending our oceans by challenging wasteful and destructive fishing, and creating a global network of marine reserves.
• Protecting the world’s ancient forests and the animals, plants and people that depend on them.
• Working for disarmament and peace by tackling the causes of conflict and calling for the elimination of all nuclear weapons
• .Creating a toxic free future with safer alternatives to hazardous chemicals in today's products and manufacturing.
• Campaining for sustainable agriculture by rejecting genetically engineered organisms, protecting biodiversity and encouraging socially responsible farming.

Greenpeace is present in 40 countries across Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa and the Pacific. To maintain its independence, Greenpeace does not accept donations from governments or corporations but relies on contributions from individual supporters and foundation grants.Greenpeace has been campaigning against environmental degradation since 1971 when a small boat of volunteers and journalists sailed into Amchitka, an area north of Alaska where the US Government was conducting underground nuclear tests. This tradition of 'bearing witness' in a non-violent manner continues today, and our ships are an important part of all our campaign work.We exist to expose environmental criminals, and to challenge government and corporations when they fail to live up to their mandate to safeguard our environment and our future.In pursuing our mission, we have no permanent allies or enemies. We promote open, informed debate about society's environmental choices. We use research, lobbying, and quiet diplomacy to pursue our goals, as well as high-profile, non-violent conflict to raise the level and quality of public debate.And we believe that the struggle to preserve the future of our planet is not about us. It's about you. Greenpeace speaks for 2.8 million supporters worldwide, and encourages many millions more than that to take action every day.We take the name of our flagship, the Rainbow Warrior, from a North American Cree Indian legend. It described a time when humanity's greed has made the Earth sick. At that time, a tribe of people known as the Warriors of the Rainbow would rise up to defend her.As one of the longest banners we've ever made summed things up, "When the last tree is cut, the last river poisoned, and the last fish dead, we will discover that we can't eat money..."

http://www.greenpeace.org/

TATA MOTORS LIMITED :

Energy Conservation is a Top Management priority for the unit and an Energy Policy is in place. An Engineering Audit group co-ordinate the energy conservation activities in the plant. Awareness & involvement of people at all levels has been a major plank for implementation of energy conservation measures. Energy auditing is a function of the Engineering Audit group. Every year Targets are set for the various divisions & Energy Conservation Action Plans are worked out. The Specific Energy Consumption & status of action plans is reviewed weekly with divisional coordinators using a common matrix which is shared across all divisions and areas to facilitate crosspollination of ideas. Ideas implemented by groups are encouraged by publication in in-house magazine ‘Flashes’.
http://www.tatamotors.com/our_world/we_care.php

TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES :

There are several green practices employed across TCS facilities. These include opportunities for

(i) energy savings(for example, energy efficient LED lighting, sensor based light turn on/off, building design for cooling efficiency,automatic cooling system modulation based on need and load, alternate energy for lighting and cooking),

(ii)reducing water consumption (for example, recycling, rain water harvesting) and ground water recharging,

(iii) waste reduction (for example, paper reduction, composting and digesters for bio waste) and

(iv) fuel and emissions reduction through cycling, car-pooling and buses.

At TCS, they have made significant strides across all these fronts, leading to 12.5% reduction in electricity consumption, 76 MWH of solar energy generation, 1.5M cubic metre of water reuse, 28% and 67% reduction in paper and printer cartridge consumption, leading to a 2% reduction in the carbon footprint in FY 07-08 compared to the prior year. This has been achieved through corporate level policies, raising awareness of the employees, setting targets and achieving them systematically, and obtaining ISO 14001 [2]certification for 22 of our delivery centers and LEED [3] green building certification for 3 locations.
http://www.tcs.com/about/corp_responsibility/green_proc_pol/Pages/default.aspx